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Employment Contracts in Russia
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Understand employment contracts used by employers in Russia…
An employment contract (trudovye dogovory / трудовые договоры) for any type of employment (full-time, part-time, temporary or permanent) must always be in writing, with two original copies signed by both parties, and one kept by each party. If in exceptional cases a company admits an employee without a written contract, a contract should be prepared and signed within three days of admission.
All contracts must be in both Russian and English to be accepted by a Russian court, and usually contain the following:
- Name and contact details for the employer and the employee
- Details of the position
- Start date
- Probation period
- Salary and method of payment
- Working hours
- Holiday allowance
- Social insurance and/or health care arrangements
- Training and obligations for the employee
- Work conditions
- Confidentiality agreements, where relevant
- Rights and obligations of both parties
According to the Russian Labour Code, there are a number of main types of employment contracts for foreign nationals with a work visa:
- Employment Contract according to Form TD-1 (Трудовой договор по форме ТД-1) or Employment Contract with Free Text (или Трудовой договор в свободной форме) – this is the most commonly used contract with no definite term of validity, and it must contain the conditions of termination in the body text
- Employment Contract with Definite Time (Срочный трудовой договор) – this cannot be for more than five years and is usually made when a temporary employee is upgraded to a permanent contract
- Employment Contract for Seasonal Work (Трудовой договор на сезонные работы) – which cannot have more than two months validity